The Best Technologies for Web App Development in 2023

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To change your automatic social network posts:

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The Australian video game industry has been rising over the past decades after the episode that brought chaos to the industry.

Games found in the Australian online casino, Hacknet, satellite reign, and Florence have done wonderfully well in their class. But these developments did not just begin but are way back. Let's look into them a bit.

The Hobbit

Surprisingly, the Hobbit was developed in Australia. These adventures were a popular genre in the '80s. The brave Australian team that Developed it not only had a massive hit but was also appreciated by a programming genius who claimed that the Hobbit had the most difficult text prompts that any text adventure had at that time.

Hollow knight

This game is one of the best Metroidvania 2D platforms over the last few years and can be said to be the best game to come out of South Australia. Hollow knight is a world-class game. Its team, Cherry, has made a massive success out of it, and it is going to get better with its sequel, silksong.

Marble madness

Mark Cerny, the developer of this game, is known not just for his game on hardware but also for his accomplishments as the chief architect of Sony consoles. Marble Madness was the first game Cerny made. The game was brought worldwide from the UK to Australia on a ZX spectrum because of the Melbourne house. The Melbourne house, also called beam software, was one of the pioneering studios in Australia.

Puzzle Quest; Challenge of the warlords

Although it has been adapted in different forms, the original puzzle quest is still the best version. The game was developed by infinite interactive in Melbourne's St. Kilda is also the same studio that developed warlord's battle cry 3 and warlords 4.

Antichamber

The way the game tricks the mind and eyes is one of its best aspects. Australian independent game Antichamber was among the first to experience significant popularity on Steam. Fortunately, it was an Ultimate Tournament mod that was also a solo game. Hazard: The Journey of Life was the original name of Antichamber when it was first constructed.

Dark Reign

This game is sci-fi that often gets mentioned with or compared to Total Annihilation. Due to its graphics at that time, it suffered a little, but Dark Reign was too clever a game then. Dark Reign is one of the best strategy games ever made. It is world-class and Australian.

Golf Story

Golf story game remains one of the best indies that can be played on the switch. It also is from Queensland. Golf Story is not only brain-tasking but also funny.

Fruit Ninja

The game has hit billions of devices from the beginning and has a show called “YouTube Red original”. Although the game show is a bit weird, it reveals how massive the game's success was. After candy crush, fruit ninja was that game that made everyone who plays the game experience the power of the Apple’s iPhone and its touch control feature.

Conclusion
These are some fun, wonderful and perfectly developed hits to celebrate from Australia. So, it is asked; what are your best Australian-developed video games of all time?

What is diversification and why should you diversify?

While you are reading up on how to invest in US stocks from India, remember that spreading your investments out will limit your exposure to any one form of asset. This approach is known as diversification. This routine is intended to lessen the volatility of the portfolio gradually. Among the keys to a successful investment is how to strike a balance between your degree of comfort with risk and your time horizon. If you invest your retirement savings too cautiously when you're young, you face the danger of your investments' growth not outpacing inflation.

The opposite is also true: if you invest too vigorously as you get older, you risk leaving your funds vulnerable to market fluctuations, which could depreciate your assets when you have fewer opportunities to make up for your losses. Diversifying your assets is one method for achieving risk-reward balance in your investing portfolio. Although this technique has undergone numerous sophisticated variations, its core concept remains the same: diversifying your portfolio across various asset types. Diversification might potentially lessen the quantity and intensity of nauseating ups and downs by minimizing volatility and risk in your portfolio. Always keep in mind that diversification does not guarantee a profit or protect against loss.

It doesn't necessarily aim to improve performance because it can't guarantee gains or protect against losses. However, diversification has the ability to reduce risk for the growth you decide to pursue.

You should search for investments—cash, bonds, stocks, or other—whose returns historically haven't moved in a similar direction and to the same degree if you want to create a diverse portfolio. By doing this, even if a piece of the portfolio is losing value, the remainder is much more likely to rise or at the very least not losing value as quickly.

A well-diversified portfolio should also make an effort to maintain a balance within each investment category. It would be wise to diversify across companies according to market capitalization (small, mid, and big caps), industries, and regions.

Again, not all market capitalizations, industries, and geographic areas have seen growth simultaneously or to the same extent, so you might be able to lower portfolio risk by distributing your assets over several stock market segments. A combination of styles, like growth and value, can also be something to think about.

Why should you look at US markets for diversification?

While figuring out how to invest in US stocks from India, note that building riches through the stock market takes time and requires great patience. As external factors also come into play, stock prices may fluctuate over time and may or may not be influenced by internal corporate issues. However, if the stock has the ability to create value for the shareholders, the company's core strengths emerge. Finding such stocks can be difficult, and sometimes even then, you must diversify across industries and regions.

If your portfolio exclusively contains domestic companies, you must diversify as a trader in Indian equities. Cross-border diversification adds a crucial component for risk adjustment to any portfolio. There won't be a strong correlation between any two global economies. Thus, the effect on the stock market would also vary. Over a longer period of time, the overall impact of geographic diversification becomes apparent.

An answer to foreign portfolio diversification is to include US stocks in the holdings. For Indian investors who seek to diversify their portfolios geographically, the US stock market offers some of the best investing opportunities. There are many investment options available to Indian investors who want to know in detail on how to invest in US stocks from India, ranging from purchasing ETF units to buying individual US stocks.

Perhaps it's time to watch the stocks and sectors once more, considering that the US stock market is currently on the verge of entering a bear market. You can benefit from the benefits of global diversification and the possibility of high-risk-adjusted returns by adding US stocks to your portfolio.

Over the previous ten years, US-based businesses have raised their share of the worldwide market to around 70%. According to a PWC study named "Global Top 100 Companies by Market Capitalization 2022," 63 of the top 100 global firms have their headquarters in the US. The most inventive businesses in the world are based in the U.S., and they list on American stock exchanges to raise capital.

Additionally, the USD has rallied by around 20% over the past year compared to the Euro as well as other significant currencies. The US offers a unique investment opportunity for burgeoning industries, including EV, AI, etc. The United States is home to some of the most successful unicorns (a privately held start-up company valued at over $1 billion is referred to as a unicorn company).

Check this out: The US accounted for more than half (53.7%) of the 100 best unicorns with a $1 billion or greater valuation as of March 31, 2022. There have been 1170 unicorns in the world as of March 31, 2022. This must have encouraged you to learn how to invest in US stocks.

How to invest in US Stocks from India?

1. Direct Beneficial Ownership

Via Investment Apps: The user interface of investment apps is simple, and they also make fractional investing and capital transfers simple. With more people choosing to handle their money primarily through tablets or smartphones, the emergence of investment applications has coincided with changes in customer preferences. By concentrating on enhancing their mobile app experiences, stock trading and Robo-advisor companies such as Stockal have embraced this transformation.

Via brokerage accounts: An investment account utilizing buy and sell securities, including stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and ETFs, is known as a brokerage account. You can open an account with many authorized brokerage companies, ranging from more expensive full-service stockbrokers to affordable internet bargain brokers. You can make investments via an Indian or foreign broker. Another alternative would be the NSE IFSC - the sole wholly owned subsidiary of the National Stock Exchange. This NSE subsidiary operates global stock exchanges in Gandhinagar's GIFT City for the convenience of NRIs and overseas investors interested in trading Indian stocks.

2. Fractional and Indirect (Index-based) / Thematic Ownership

ETF

A fund replicating the portfolio and performances of a publicly available Index is called an Exchange Traded Fund (ETF), and it trades on an exchange exactly like a stock. ETFs provide a low-cost investment option. ETFs have a significantly lower expense ratio than mutual funds. ETF fee ratios may be as minimal as 0.25%, compared to mutual fund expense ratios, typically between 1.5% and 2.25%. Stockal, for example, offers you the Global ETF Portfolio, an ETF stack made up of equity index-only ETFs spread across the US and international equity markets. The Stack provides extensive, diverse exposure to the US and international equity markets, including those in Europe, the BRICs, and emerging and frontier markets.

Stock Baskets

A basket is a collection of securities (including stocks, currencies, etc.) tied to one another or satisfying certain criteria. For instance, a sector exchange-traded fund can have a collection of businesses from the same sector. Using basket orders, several trades in these assets are carried out concurrently.

Occasionally, a piece of software is required to conduct all the trades at once. Owing to the programme element, baskets are typically a component of programme trading approaches. Institutional traders, exchange-traded funds, hedge funds, and mutual funds use them to swiftly and efficiently adjust the allocation of their portfolios.

The majority of retail brokers also permit customers to place basket orders. While you are finding out on how to invest in US stocks from India via stock baskets, note that the Stockal Blue Chip Tech Stack is a great example.

Making your investment journey smoother via investment apps like Stockal

Advantages vs. NSE IFSC

The following are the benefits of investing on STOCKAL instead of NSE-IFSC:

Since it began operating in 2019, Stockal has amassed over 220,000 registered members who actively trade on American stock exchanges. Stockal enables trading in more than 5,500 equities and ETFs, as opposed to the 50 stocks that the NSE IFSC has suggested. Exchange-Traded Funds Traded funds are a class of pooled investment vehicles that frequently follow an industry, index, or commodity and then are traded on an exchange as conventional stocks.

Stacks are expertly selected pre-built portfolios on certain themes created by professional portfolio and global hedge fund managers. Through collaborations with well-known players, including Global X, Omniscience, and AlphaNiti, to name a few, Stockal provides stacks on its platform.

Another option is to invest in Stockal's Disruptors Portfolio stack, which gives access to popular topics, including e-commerce, cloud computing, fintech, and cybersecurity, to mention a few. Stacks have a $1,000 minimum investment requirement and a CAGR of between 25 and 50%, constantly producing significant returns.

When prospective investor purchases share through Stockal, they end up with actual firm stock. They will possess UDRs of that stock, which the corporation does not sponsor, if they choose the NSE-IFSC method. Actually, the shares will be held on account of Indian investors purchasing UDRs by the US partner bank of the NSE-IFSC. As a result, while using Stockal to purchase and own actual stocks, investors who invest in US stocks from India will have the same voting rights and dividends as regular shareholders.

Stockal seeks to democratize international investing by streamlining and reducing the cost of the process. If a stock seems to be exceedingly expensive, one can invest less money to purchase a fractional share without any set ratio. One should not worry about the number of shares to purchase while investing in dollars. Investors just choose their investment amount and receive shares equal to that sum.

On Stockal, you can purchase shares even worth $1 of a corporation selling at roughly $100 per share. However, in the case of NSE-IFSC, each share of a firm is divided into UDRs according to a ratio predetermined by NSE and periodically reviewed.

For instance, 200 IFSC receipts with a worth of approximately $15 each will be created from 200 shares of Amazon stock with a share price of $2,900. However, we are unsure about how the decimal figures would function in this situation because even a small adjustment could affect returns. Investors who invest in US stocks from India directly through Stockal receive fractions up to the eighth decimal place in quantity and the second decimal place in price.

Investors from India trade directly through Stockal's U.S. broker partner, DriveWealth, with a trading account from Stockal. An account on Stockal can be created for free and quickly (15 minutes). However, investors must create a separate Demat account with one of the NSE-IFSC registered brokers to trade through the NSE-IFSC.

Investors who invest in US stocks from India are not permitted to use their current Demat accounts, which are used for trading Indian stocks. To ensure that Indian investors are being taxed only in India and not the United States, they must complete the US W-8BEN and KYC forms with NSE IFSC.

Trading with Stockal only involves fees for brokerage and currency exchange. While trading via NSE-IFSC, one must also pay receipt issuance fees, Demat account fees, custodian fees, etc.

Unlike the 3-day settlement lag needed by NSE-IFSC, stocks purchased on Stockal will be promptly added to your account. Additionally, the funds received from equities sold through NSE-IFSC will also be credited after three days. Investors on Stockal now have access to liquidity and cost discovery comparable to U.S. exchanges.

The minimum waiting period for long-term capital gains on Stockal transactions is only 24 months because of how taxation is handled for foreign securities. However, proceeds from transactions made through the NSE-IFSC must be retained for 36 months to qualify for long-term capital gains.

Here is a table that draws a comparison between STOCKAL and NSE-IFSC:

Curated portfolio stacks

It takes a lot of work and research to ensure a portfolio is profitable and broad. Stockal takes care of that for you using Stacks. Stacks are skillfully curated portfolios that allow you to invest in US stocks from India with a single click. They comprise pre-configured baskets of stocks, Exchange Traded Funds or ETFs, as well as other securities. Stockal also offers features for research, such as Tipranks, to enable a better understanding of investing.

Thematic ETFs

An ETF known as a thematic ETF allows investors who invest in US stocks from India to make investments based on a specific issue, such as artificial intelligence or climate change. The ETF then contains businesses that ought to profit from that development. Stockal offers you thematic ETFs such as the Cosmos Thematic High Impact stack. These ETFs are built on structural growth and follow proprietary macro research.

Easy money transfer process and easy to track

Stockal money transfers come with instantaneous liquidity when you invest in US stocks from India. There are no restrictions on the amount you can send or pay. You can pay university fees, send money to friends and family. With Stockal, manage your money more wisely during your move by setting aside funds in US dollars to prevent currency exchange shocks.

5 Things to watch out for before investing in US stocks from India

The US stock market is one of the finest possibilities for portfolio diversification across geographies. Numerous leading technological corporations as well as other prosperous businesses with promising investment opportunities, are based in the country. The low connection between the Indian and US equity markets is also a favourable perspective. Here are some factors you need to look into and watch out for before investing in US stocks from India.

Charges: When you transfer funds to your brokerage account, depending on your bank, there can be fees for transfers and Foreign exchange conversions. Due to the numerous fund transfers and transactions associated with frequent trading, there may be additional fees. Additionally, it will result in additional remittances and currency exchange fees.

Taxes: To make your efforts worthwhile, it is crucial to take into account the tax implications of your international assets. A double tax avoidance agreement, also known as the DTAA, between the US and India forbids taxing the same income more than once.

Investment Limits: A person is only permitted to send the LRS a total of US$250,000 USD each year for investments.

Foreign exchange impact: The fluctuation in exchange rates is a critical issue to consider while investing in the US market. The rupee has lost value versus the US dollar on average by 3-5 percent in recent years. When you participate in the US market, you do so at the risk of investing in the US Dollar. Your portfolio's worth increases when the value of the US dollar rises, and vice versa.

Your life goals: Your investing plan should include your life goals. Your investments ought to be able to assist you in achieving your goals, including moving abroad to study or work. For instance, your investment strategy should match your goals if you intend on saving up to $60,000 for your child's study abroad. The diversification objectives, where you might desire exposure to commodity or gold ETFs, may require this to be separate.

The Bottom Line

Your international investment journey is safe, easy, and secure with Stockal. It provides you with limitless options, top-notch research, effective price discovery and liquidity, as well as regular feature improvements, ensuring a seamless trading experience. Diversification of your portfolio would require you to do your research, and decide accordingly as per your goals and/or targets. By investing in US stocks from India via Stockal, you will have several options to choose from, thus diversifying your portfolio.

The PC Builder’s Glossary: Every term you need to know to build your first computer
Introduction:
It’s possible there’s not a hobby in the world with more jargon than that of PC-building circles. In any r/buildapc thread or Tom’s Hardware Forum, you’re almost more likely to find abbreviations than actual words.
Because of this, we decided to put together a glossary with all of the terms, abbreviations, and brands you’re likely to come across when building a PC. Whether you’re a beginner, intermediate, or experienced tech, we hope you’ll find this guide to be a useful reference.
This is a companion guide to our Beginner’s Guide to Building a PC. If you’re new to the process of building a PC, we recommend that you check it out. It’s a wealth of information on the entire process, from part selection to assembly to troubleshooting.
Keep in mind, with most of these the acronym is more important than the actual meaning. For example, knowing that “ATX” is a motherboard form-factor is far more useful than knowing what it stands for.
How to build a PC step by step: The Ultimate Beginner’s Guide
While we’re striving to make this glossary as comprehensive as possible, there’s just too many terms for us to think of everything on the first run. We invite you to leave a comment with any terms/phrases pertinent to PC building that you think should be added.
Now without further ado, let’s get into the nitty-gritty terminologies.
PC-Building Glossary:
1080P: See FHD.
10-Series: A generation of Nvidia graphics cards released in 2016. Some 10-series cards include the 1050, 1060, 1070, and 1080.
1440P: See QHD.
20-Series: A generation of Nvidia graphics cards released in 2018. Some 20-series cards include the 2060, 2070, and 2080.
2160P: See UHD.
3000-Series: AMD’s CPU generation released in 2019. Some 3000-series CPUs include the 3100, 3500, and 3600.
30-Series: Nvidia’s most recent generation of graphics cards, released in 2020. Some 30-series cards include the 3060, 3070, 3080, and 3090.
4K: See UHD.
5000-Series: Refers to AMD’s most recent generation of CPUs or its generation of graphics cards released in 2019. Some 5000-series CPUs include the 5600X, 5800X, 5900X, and 5950X. Some 5000-series graphics cards include the RX 5300, 5500, 5600, and 5700.
6000-Series: Refers to AMD’s most recent generation of graphics cards, released in 2020. Some 6000-series GPUs include the 6700 XT, 6800 XT, and 6900 XT.
AIB: Add-in-Board. Typically refers to a graphics card that is made by a third-party manufacturer such as Gigabyte, EVGA, or MSI, rather than Nvidia. AIBs of the same model (i.e. a Gigabyte and EVGA RTX 3070) have the same GPU chip and VRAM capacity, so performance is typically very similar. The primary differences are in aesthetics, cooling, and out-of-the-box frequency (which can be changed via overclocking).
AIO: All-in one; refers to an all-in-one liquid CPU cooler. “AIO” is usually used to refer to a liquid CPU cooler that’s ready to be installed out-of-the-box. Can also refer to an all-in-one desktop, a pre-assembled PC.
Air Cooler: Air CPU coolers typically use a heatsink with fans to transfer hot air away from the CPU, as opposed to using liquid.
AMD: Advanced Micro Devices. One of the two leading brands in processor (CPU) and graphics card development. Makes Ryzen CPUs and Radeon graphics cards.
Aspect Ratio: The ratio of horizontal pixels to vertical pixels in a screen. 16:9 is considered the standard aspect ratio.
ASRock: Hardware manufacturer best known for their motherboards and graphics cards.
ASUS: Hardware manufacturer best known for their monitors, graphics cards, and motherboards.
ATX: Stands for Advanced Technology Extended. Typically refers to a common motherboard or power supply form-factor. ATX motherboards are generally considered full-sized. Also refers to the 24-pin power supply cable, (called an “ATX Cable”). ATX power supplies are also considered full-size, as opposed to the smaller SFX power supply.
BeQuiet!: Hardware manufacturer best known for their high-TDP low-noise CPU coolers and low-noise power supplies.
BIOS: Basic Input/Output System. Most simplistically, the screen your computer boots to when no operating system is installed. BIOS is still accessible when booting the computer regardless of whether or not an OS is installed. BIOS is important for troubleshooting and adjusting certain hardware settings like XMP; it’s essentially the preinstalled internal operating system of the motherboard.
Boot Drive: The drive that the operating system is installed on. The boot drive is typically an SSD, since this allows much faster boot (or startup) speeds.
Bottleneck: A situation in which one component is vastly better than another, creating a condition where one component cannot perform to its maximum capacity. The two components in question are typically the CPU and GPU, although other components can also create a bottleneck.
Case: See Tower.
Case Fan: A fan that screws into the side of the case. Case fans help ventilate hot air from the case, keeping the inside cool and keeping component temperatures from getting too high.
Chassis: See Case.
Chip: The tiny component made of silicon that enables nearly all electronics to function. CPUs and GPUs are types of chips.
Chipset: A motherboard’s firmware, which determines its compatibility with other components. Chipset most importantly determines CPU compatibility, but also affects other components.
CLC: Closed Loop Cooler. See AIO.
Clock Speed: The speed at which a component runs, usually measured in MHz or GHz.
CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor. The memory built into the motherboard that stores BIOS settings.
Consumer: Refers primarily to storage drives, but can apply to other components. Consumer drives are designed for personal use, and are far cheaper than enterprise drives. They are adequate for almost anyone, as the only real downside as compared to enterprise drives is lower sustained speeds.
Cooler: A device designed to keep temperatures of a component low. CPU coolers are most common, although graphics card coolers also exist.
Core: A core is technically a processor, but modern CPUs are made up of multiple cores. More cores corresponds to higher computing power, so a higher-end processor will have more cores than its lower-end counterpart.
Corsair: One of the biggest component and peripherals manufacturers. Best known for their RAM, power supplies, cases, keyboards, and more.
CPU: Central Processing Unit. This is the processor that controls your computer and runs most of the computations. It interacts with the other components, controlling what they do.
DDR: Double Data Rate. Refers to a specific type of RAM which is almost universally used. DDR4 is currently the fastest mainstream DDR, with DDR5 slated to release soon.
Dedicated Graphics: See Discrete Graphics
DIMM: Dual Inline Memory Module. Refers to a RAM stick.
DIMM Slot: The slots in a motherboard that house the RAM.
Discrete Graphics: Refers to using a GPU that is separate from the processor. Graphics cards are sometimes referred to as “discrete graphics cards.”
DisplayPort: A common interface for connecting the PC and monitor. DisplayPort supports higher refresh rates than HDMI, and is often used in conjunction with higher-end gaming rigs.
DLSS: Dynamic Learning Super Sampling. A Nvidia technology which uses AI to create images which appear higher-resolution than they actually are. Allows games to run at much higher framerates without losing significant picture quality. DLSS is only included with RTX cards.
DP: See DisplayPort.
EATX: Extended ATX. A less-common motherboard form-factor that is even larger than standard ATX.
Enterprise: Refers primarily to storage drives. Enterprise drives are industry-grade, created primarily for datacenters, and can sustain high read/write speeds for extremely long periods of time.
EVGA: Popular component manufacturer, best known for their power supplies and graphics cards.
Fan Curve: Refers to the graphical curve created when charting clock speed vs. fan’s percentage of maximum speed. The faster a component (CPU or GPU) runs, the faster the fans spin in order to compensate for extra heat produced.
FHD: Full HD. Refers to a monitor with a 1920 x 1080 resolution.
Flash: To update a computer’s BIOS to the latest version.
Form-Factor: The shape/form/size of a component. Shapes and sizes vary between different components, especially motherboards and storage drives. For example, motherboards come in many different form-factors (sizes) such as ATX, Micro-ATX, and Mini-ITX.
FPS: Frames Per Second. Refers to the count of individual frames outputted by a PC in the span of a second. Higher FPS results in a smoother picture, as long as the refresh rate is greater than or equal to FPS.
Free-Sync: Open-source variable refresh rate technology, typically used with AMD graphics cards (Nvidia GPUs typically use G-Sync). Allows a monitor’s refresh rate to change in response to a PC’s FPS output.
GeForce: Nvidia’s brand of graphics cards For example, the GeForce RTX 3080 is a high-end graphics card.
GHz: Gigahertz. 1 GHz is equivalent to 1,000,000,000 (a billion) Hz, so a CPU running at 1GHz is running a billion cycles per second. Usually refers to CPU clock speeds, which currently tend to be between 2.5 and 6 GHz.
Gigabyte: Hardware manufacturer best known for their graphics cards, power supplies, and motherboards.
GPU: Graphics Processing Unit. The GPU is the chip that produces the picture on-screen. Can be included in a CPU (integrated graphics) or in a graphics card (discrete graphics). Many people simply refer to graphics cards as “GPUs” even though it technically refers to the chip inside them.
Graphics Card: A component of the computer that contains the GPU chip and produces the on-screen image. Graphics cards are not necessary, but they enable a computer to run games at higher framerates than integrated graphics.
G.Skill: Component manufacturer best known as one of the most popular suppliers of RAM, specifically the “Ripjaws” line.
G-Sync: Nvidia’s variable refresh rate technology. Allows a monitor’s refresh rate to change in response to a PC’s FPS output.
GTX: Nvidia’s older line of graphics cards, which includes most recently the 10 and 16-series of GPUs and doesn’t include ray-tracing technology. For example, the GTX 1660 Ti is a popular mid-range graphics card.
HDD: Hard Disk Drive. This type of storage drive is the oldest technology, and thus the cheapest. Hard drives (as they’re commonly known) can store a large amount of information, but have slower read and write speeds which makes them less ideal for data transfer.
HDMI: High Definition Multimedia Interface. One of the most common interfaces for connecting the PC and monitor.
Heatsink: A component that helps cool another component by dissipating the heat from its surface. Some parts that frequently come with heatsinks include RAM modules, CPUs, NVMe drives, and more.
Hz: Hertz. A unit of frequency, most commonly used to describe monitor refresh rates. One hertz is equivalent to one refresh per second.
Integrated Graphics: Graphics built into a CPU. A processor with integrated graphics can produce an image on-screen without a discrete graphics card.
Intel: One of the two leading CPU-manufacturing brands. Also one of the big three chip manufacturers. Best known for their “Core” CPUs, they have also recently begun developing graphics cards.
ITX: Information Technology Extended. The smallest mainstream motherboard form-factor. Mini-ITX motherboards typically cost the most since they’re able to fit in very small cases.
I/O Shield: Input/Output Shield. A metal plate that comes with the motherboard, with openings that match the motherboard’s ports. Clips into the side of the case and covers the motherboard, giving it a cleaner look.
M.2: A form-factor for storage drives that is shaped similar to a stick of gum. Most common dimensions are 22mm x 80mm, often shortened to “M.2 2280.”
mATX: Micro-ATX. A form-factor of motherboard that is smaller than a full-sized ATX board. These are typically the cheapest form-factor. They most frequently come with one PCIe slot and 2 RAM slots, although some come with more.
MHz: Megahertz. 1 MHz is equivalent to 1,000,000 (a million) Hz, so a GPU running at 1MHz is running a million cycles per second. Usually used to refer to RAM and graphics card clock speeds.
Micro-ATX: See mATX.
Mini-ITX: See ITX.
Mobo: See Motherboard.
Monitor: The screen that a PC is usually connected to.
Motherboard: The board which all components connect to, either indirectly or directly. Distributes power to components and allows them to interact with each other.
MSI: Component manufacturer known best for their graphics cards, motherboards, and power supplies.
Newegg: Popular vendor of PC components.
Noctua: A manufacturer of premium air coolers, known for their impressive cooling ability and low noise.
Nvidia: One of the two primary graphics card manufacturers. Makes GeForce “GTX” and “RTX” lines of graphics cards.
NVMe: Non-Volatile Memory Express. This is a type of storage drive that is the fastest currently available. NVMe drives are a type of SSD.
NZXT: Component manufacturer best known for their cases.
OC: See Overclock.
ODD: See Optical Disc Drive.
Optical Disc Drive: Optical Disc Drive. These can be installed in a computer and allow it to read discs such as CDs or DVDs.
OS: Operating System. This is the software that’s installed on your computer when you first set it up. It provides a GUI (graphical user interface) which lets you manage files and settings more easily. Popular OS’s include Windows, MacOS, and Linux.
Overclock: The act of increasing the speed at which a component runs in order to improve its performance. The most common components to overclock are CPUs, graphics cards, and RAM. Overclocking causes your hardware to run at higher temperatures, so it’s often a balance of finding the best performance while staying in a safe temperature range.
PCB: Printed Circuit Board. The base material that many components including RAM, storage drives, motherboards, graphics cards, and CPUs are made of. Chips are typically mounted on PCB.
PCIe: Peripheral Component Interconnect Express. Most commonly used to refer to a common slot type in the motherboard. Motherboards frequently come with PCIe x1, x4, x8, and x16 slots (x1 is the smallest and x16 is the largest). The number refers to the amount of PCIe lanes, so a “PCIe x16” slot uses 16 PCIe lanes. CPUs have a certain number of lanes they can support, which varies between models.
Peripherals: Components that are not a part of your PC but are used in conjunction with it. Common types of peripherals include keyboards, mice, monitors, headsets, and microphones.
Phanteks: Hardware manufacturer best known for their CPU air coolers, cases, and case fans.
PNY: Component manufacturer best known for their graphics cards and NVMe drives.
Prebuilt: A computer that’s assembled prior to sale and is bought as one unit, as opposed to buying separate components and building a computer.
PSU: Power Supply Unit. Often shortened to “Power Supply,” the PSU provides electricity to all components. Typically the PSU has cables that plug into the ATX motherboard slot, CPU motherboard slot, graphics cards, and any SATA storage drives.
PWM: Pulse Width Modulation. A technology some fans are equipped with, which allows them to spin faster in response to higher component temperatures.
QHD: Quad HD. Refers to a monitor with a resolution of 2560 x 1440. Also referred to as 1440p.
RAM: Random Access Memory. Often simplified to “memory”, RAM holds temporary data and enables your CPU to interact with other components quickly.
Ray-Tracing: Technology that allows for incredibly realistic reactive graphics by simulating the effects of light on objects.
Refresh Rate: How many times a monitor refreshes the image on-screen per second. Measured in hz, a higher refresh rate allows for a smoother experience. Common refresh rates are 60hz, 75hz, 120hz, 144hz, 165hz, 240hz, and 360hz.
Resolution: The dimensions of a monitor’s screen, in terms of pixels. Higher resolution indicates higher image quality. Common resolutions include 1080p, 1440p, and 2160p (also known as 4K). The numbers refer to the vertical pixel count, for example most 1080p monitors are 1920 x 1080 pixels.
RTX: Nvidia’s most recent line of graphics cards, which includes the 20 and 30-series of GPUs and features ray-tracing technology. For example, the RTX 3080 is a popular graphics card.
RX: AMD’s most recent line of graphics cards, which includes the 5000 and 6000 series most recently. For example, the RX 6800XT is a popular AMD card.
Samsung: One of the big three chip manufacturers. Aside from this, they’re especially well-known for their NVMe storage drives.
SATA: Serial Advanced Technology Attachment. SATA is a commonly used port in hard drives and SSDs. A SATA cable plugs into the SATA port in a drive on one end, and the motherboard’s SATA port on the other.
SFF: Small Form Factor. Refers to smaller PCs or components which generally use ITX motherboards and SFX power supplies.
SFX: Denotes a smaller form-factor power supply, as opposed to ATX (full-sized).
SODIMM: Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module. Smaller version of DIMM, most frequently used in laptops.
Socket Type: The specific socket that a motherboard features, which determines CPU compatibility. Both CPUs and motherboards have a socket type, and they have to be the same in order to be compatible. Intel socket types typically begin with “LGA” such as “LGA1200,” while AMD sockets generally begin with “AM,” such as “AM4.”
SSD: Solid State Drive. This is a form of storage that is much faster than an HDD. These are more expensive per gigabyte than hard drives as a result, and are often used as Boot Drives.
Stock Cooler: The CPU cooler that comes with the processor. These are typically less powerful than aftermarket CPU coolers, but they only come with lower-wattage CPUs that don’t need as much cooling.
Super: Suffix tacked on to the end of some Nvidia graphics card names. Similar to Ti, Super indicates higher performance than its non-Super counterpart. For example, the GTX 1660 Super is more powerful than the GTX 1660.
TBW: Terabytes Written. An estimate of the amount of terabytes a storage drive can write before it dies. For example, a 1TB drive with a TBW of 600 should be able to overwrite itself at least 600 times.
TDP: Thermal Design Power. An estimate of the maximum amount of heat a component will produce or, for coolers, the maximum amount of heat they can dissipate. Measured in Watts.
Team Blue: Nickname for Intel. People who prefer Intel CPUs over AMD refer to themselves as “Team Blue.”
Team Green: Nickname for Nvidia. People who prefer Nvidia GPUs over AMD refer to themselves as “Team Green.”
Team Red: Nickname for AMD. People who prefer AMD GPUs or CPUs over Nvidia/Intel refer to themselves as “Team Red.”
Thermal Paste: A gray paste that’s applied between the CPU and the CPU cooler, which is essential for creating optimal contact and heat transfer.
Thermal Throttling: A phenomenon in which a component intentionally reduces its clock speed to protect itself from overheating. Most commonly occurs with insufficiently-cooled CPUs and graphics cards.
Thread: Most of the time CPU cores are split into two or more “threads.” These threads are logical cores, meaning that the computer recognizes each thread as a separate entity even though each thread may be part of the same physical core. Threads further divide a single core into two (or sometimes more) separate entities, which allows for higher performance in certain applications. Currently the standard is two threads per core so, for example, an 8-core processor will usually have 16 threads.
Ti: Suffix tacked on to some Nvidia graphics card names. Indicates higher performance than its non-Ti counterpart. For example, the RTX 3060 Ti is more powerful than the RTX 3060.
TKL: Tenkeyless. Refers to a keyboard that doesn’t include a number pad, and thus has a smaller form factor.
Tower: Another term for the case. The tower holds all components and determines the appearance of your computer.
TSMC: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company. One of the big three chip manufacturers.
U.2: Type of storage drive connection used almost exclusively for enterprise SSDs. U.2 SSDs have the fastest transfer rates overall but are extremely expensive.
UEFI: Unified Extensible Firmware Interface. UEFI is similar to BIOS in that it’s the first program to run upon booting.
UHD: Ultra HD. Refers to a monitor with a resolution of 3840 x 2160. Also known as 4K since it has approximately 4,000 pixels horizontally, or 2160p which refers to the vertical pixel count.
Ultrawide: Refers to a monitor with a higher-than-standard aspect ratio. Most typically, ultrawide monitors have a 21:9 aspect ratio, as compared to the standard ratio of 16:9.
Undervolt: Reduce the amount of power delivered to a component to reduce operating temperatures. Most commonly done to CPUs and GPUs.
USB: Universal Serial Bus. Extremely common connection type; most keyboards, mice, headsets, and other peripherals utilize USB. There are three generations of USB, each with a higher bandwidth (speed).
VRM: Voltage Regulator Module. A built-in part of the motherboard that controls the voltage sent to the CPU at any given time, allowing a steady supply of power without sending too much at any given time. VRMs are essential to the function of a computer.
WiFi: Wireless Fidelity. Wireless network which allows users to connect through the Internet. Most PCs require an adapter of some sort to connect to WiFi, unless the motherboard has built-in wireless capabilities.
XMP: Extreme Memory Profile. Refers to a technology that allows you to easily increase your RAM speeds. XMP is usually turned on in the BIOS.

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Video Games Developed in Australia
The Australian video game industry has been rising over the past decades after the episode that brought chaos to the industry.
Games found in the Australian online casino, Hacknet, satellite reign, and Florence have done wonderfully well in their class. But these developments did not just begin but are way back. Let's look into them a bit.
The Hobbit
Surprisingly, the Hobbit was developed in Australia. These adventures were a popular genre in the '80s. The brave Australian team that Developed it not only had a massive hit but was also appreciated by a programming genius who claimed that the Hobbit had the most difficult text prompts that any text adventure had at that time.
Hollow knight
This game is one of the best Metroidvania 2D platforms over the last few years and can be said to be the best game to come out of South Australia. Hollow knight is a world-class game. Its team, Cherry, has made a massive success out of it, and it is going to get better with its sequel, silksong.
Marble madness
Mark Cerny, the developer of this game, is known not just for his game on hardware but also for his accomplishments as the chief architect of Sony consoles. Marble Madness was the first game Cerny made. The game was brought worldwide from the UK to Australia on a ZX spectrum because of the Melbourne house. The Melbourne house, also called beam software, was one of the pioneering studios in Australia.
Puzzle Quest; Challenge of the warlords
Although it has been adapted in different forms, the original puzzle quest is still the best version. The game was developed by infinite interactive in Melbourne's St. Kilda is also the same studio that developed warlord's battle cry 3 and warlords 4.
Antichamber
The way the game tricks the mind and eyes is one of its best aspects. Australian independent game Antichamber was among the first to experience significant popularity on Steam. Fortunately, it was an Ultimate Tournament mod that was also a solo game. Hazard: The Journey of Life was the original name of Antichamber when it was first constructed.
Dark Reign
This game is sci-fi that often gets mentioned with or compared to Total Annihilation. Due to its graphics at that time, it suffered a little, but Dark Reign was too clever a game then. Dark Reign is one of the best strategy games ever made. It is world-class and Australian.
Golf Story
Golf story game remains one of the best indies that can be played on the switch. It also is from Queensland. Golf Story is not only brain-tasking but also funny.
Fruit Ninja
The game has hit billions of devices from the beginning and has a show called “YouTube Red original”. Although the game show is a bit weird, it reveals how massive the game's success was. After candy crush, fruit ninja was that game that made everyone who plays the game experience the power of the Apple’s iPhone and its touch control feature.
Conclusion
These are some fun, wonderful and perfectly developed hits to celebrate from Australia. So, it is asked; what are your best Australian-developed video games of all time?

Video Games Developed in Australia
The Australian video game industry has been rising over the past decades after the episode that brought chaos to the industry.
Games found in the Australian online casino, Hacknet, satellite reign, and Florence have done wonderfully well in their class. But these developments did not just begin but are way back. Let's look into them a bit.
The Hobbit
Surprisingly, the Hobbit was developed in Australia. These adventures were a popular genre in the '80s. The brave Australian team that Developed it not only had a massive hit but was also appreciated by a programming genius who claimed that the Hobbit had the most difficult text prompts that any text adventure had at that time.
Hollow knight
This game is one of the best Metroidvania 2D platforms over the last few years and can be said to be the best game to come out of South Australia. Hollow knight is a world-class game. Its team, Cherry, has made a massive success out of it, and it is going to get better with its sequel, silksong.
Marble madness
Mark Cerny, the developer of this game, is known not just for his game on hardware but also for his accomplishments as the chief architect of Sony consoles. Marble Madness was the first game Cerny made. The game was brought worldwide from the UK to Australia on a ZX spectrum because of the Melbourne house. The Melbourne house, also called beam software, was one of the pioneering studios in Australia.
Puzzle Quest; Challenge of the warlords
Although it has been adapted in different forms, the original puzzle quest is still the best version. The game was developed by infinite interactive in Melbourne's St. Kilda is also the same studio that developed warlord's battle cry 3 and warlords 4.
Antichamber
The way the game tricks the mind and eyes is one of its best aspects. Australian independent game Antichamber was among the first to experience significant popularity on Steam. Fortunately, it was an Ultimate Tournament mod that was also a solo game. Hazard: The Journey of Life was the original name of Antichamber when it was first constructed.
Dark Reign
This game is sci-fi that often gets mentioned with or compared to Total Annihilation. Due to its graphics at that time, it suffered a little, but Dark Reign was too clever a game then. Dark Reign is one of the best strategy games ever made. It is world-class and Australian.
Golf Story
Golf story game remains one of the best indies that can be played on the switch. It also is from Queensland. Golf Story is not only brain-tasking but also funny.
Fruit Ninja
The game has hit billions of devices from the beginning and has a show called “YouTube Red original”. Although the game show is a bit weird, it reveals how massive the game's success was. After candy crush, fruit ninja was that game that made everyone who plays the game experience the power of the Apple’s iPhone and its touch control feature.
Conclusion
These are some fun, wonderful and perfectly developed hits to celebrate from Australia. So, it is asked; what are your best Australian-developed video games of all time?

Participation Trophies—Do They Boost Morale?
Mention the words "participation trophies," and you will probably hear strongly worded opinions on both sides of the coin. These awards are given to non-ranking team members or those who did not place first, second or third in a competition or sport. So what's the big deal in handing out participation trophies to kids, teens or adults? Are these awards silly, or do they boost morale? The experts weigh in.
There's A History Behind Them
If you think that passing out participation trophies is a modern concept, you would be wrong. In fact, these awards have been around for several decades now. Research shows that participation trophies became popular after World War I, and local newspaper articles often mentioned the awards.

For instance, participation trophies were given to college student organizations on campuses for years. In 1924, the University of Minnesota received a "30-inch sterling participation trophy" for attaining the highest number of participation points for intramural sports.

Participation trophies were also awarded on military bases after World War II, and the tradition continued throughout society.
Behavioral Experts Have An Opinion
Some psychologists believe that participation trophies can actually have a positive impact on individuals of all ages who get them. Whether they are recipients working in an office, older students attending school or kids playing youth sports, being awarded custom plaques can be excellent for morale. Making the trophies personal, such as engraving them with their achievement, can help every participant feel special.

Such recognition shows the practice and sacrifices members went through to finish something they set out to do. The trophy helps one remember the moment as a valuable keepsake.

Another plus in giving out participation trophies is in honoring the team over the winning mentality. In other words, whether it's a sport or a competition of some kind, working together on a team is in itself worthy of celebration. It's not always about the win but about the dedication, determination and cooperation done as a team or group that matters.

Young children, especially, can learn important life lessons about hard work and commitment when they are rewarded for these admirable traits. It increases their self-esteem and boosts their growing confidence.

If adults just focus on winning in the workforce, that can be detrimental in the office. Behavioral specialists say that this can produce added stress and can also result in a less productive environment. Not every detail has to come down to winning or placing first.
This NBA Star Understood Their Value
A lot of folks in the world of sports have certainly had differing opinions about the worth of handing out participation trophies. In the 1990s, these awards were being given to many kid athletes for participating in youth sports, and one Texan newspaper columnist from El Paso had had enough, saying that participation trophies were responsible for "giving our children a false sense of accomplishment."

The late NBA star Kobe Bryant, who had played his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers, had a positive view of these trophies. His daughters were going to be handed fourth-place trophies and didn't want them, but Bryant told them it was important to celebrate the ceremony. He explained in a 2017 interview that being handed a participation trophy is a starting point for a kid. It is about encouragement and that if one tries their hardest and competes, further rewards will be there down the road waiting for them.

Bryant added there's fun inside the process of losing.

Not every professional athlete would agree with the late Kobe Bryant, however. Former Pittsburgh Steelers linebacker James Harrison and current analyst on Fox Sports1 says he took his kids' participation trophies away. Harrison explained that he wanted to teach his two sons that they aren't entitled to something just because they tried their best.

From athletes to coaches to sports writers and sports viewers and to those in offices and across college campuses, everyone seems to have strong opinions about handing out custom plaques in participation trophies. Behavioral experts see the value in these awards and the amazing teachable moments that can also come from them.

Participation Trophies—Do They Boost Morale?
Mention the words "participation trophies," and you will probably hear strongly worded opinions on both sides of the coin. These awards are given to non-ranking team members or those who did not place first, second or third in a competition or sport. So what's the big deal in handing out participation trophies to kids, teens or adults? Are these awards silly, or do they boost morale? The experts weigh in.
There's A History Behind Them
If you think that passing out participation trophies is a modern concept, you would be wrong. In fact, these awards have been around for several decades now. Research shows that participation trophies became popular after World War I, and local newspaper articles often mentioned the awards.

For instance, participation trophies were given to college student organizations on campuses for years. In 1924, the University of Minnesota received a "30-inch sterling participation trophy" for attaining the highest number of participation points for intramural sports.

Participation trophies were also awarded on military bases after World War II, and the tradition continued throughout society.
Behavioral Experts Have An Opinion
Some psychologists believe that participation trophies can actually have a positive impact on individuals of all ages who get them. Whether they are recipients working in an office, older students attending school or kids playing youth sports, being awarded custom plaques can be excellent for morale. Making the trophies personal, such as engraving them with their achievement, can help every participant feel special.

Such recognition shows the practice and sacrifices members went through to finish something they set out to do. The trophy helps one remember the moment as a valuable keepsake.

Another plus in giving out participation trophies is in honoring the team over the winning mentality. In other words, whether it's a sport or a competition of some kind, working together on a team is in itself worthy of celebration. It's not always about the win but about the dedication, determination and cooperation done as a team or group that matters.

Young children, especially, can learn important life lessons about hard work and commitment when they are rewarded for these admirable traits. It increases their self-esteem and boosts their growing confidence.

If adults just focus on winning in the workforce, that can be detrimental in the office. Behavioral specialists say that this can produce added stress and can also result in a less productive environment. Not every detail has to come down to winning or placing first.
This NBA Star Understood Their Value
A lot of folks in the world of sports have certainly had differing opinions about the worth of handing out participation trophies. In the 1990s, these awards were being given to many kid athletes for participating in youth sports, and one Texan newspaper columnist from El Paso had had enough, saying that participation trophies were responsible for "giving our children a false sense of accomplishment."

The late NBA star Kobe Bryant, who had played his entire 20-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers, had a positive view of these trophies. His daughters were going to be handed fourth-place trophies and didn't want them, but Bryant told them it was important to celebrate the ceremony. He explained in a 2017 interview that being handed a participation trophy is a starting point for a kid. It is about encouragement and that if one tries their hardest and competes, further rewards will be there down the road waiting for them.

Bryant added there's fun inside the process of losing.

Not every professional athlete would agree with the late Kobe Bryant, however. Former Pittsburgh Steelers linebacker James Harrison and current analyst on Fox Sports1 says he took his kids' participation trophies away. Harrison explained that he wanted to teach his two sons that they aren't entitled to something just because they tried their best.

From athletes to coaches to sports writers and sports viewers and to those in offices and across college campuses, everyone seems to have strong opinions about handing out custom plaques in participation trophies. Behavioral experts see the value in these awards and the amazing teachable moments that can also come from them.

Four Tips to Give Realtors a Competitive Edge
If you're a real estate agent, then you know that the competition is fierce. There are countless agents out there all vying for the same clients and the same deals. How do you set yourself apart from the rest and give yourself a competitive edge? In this article, we will discuss four tips, from specializing in a certain area to utilizing a real estate CRM that will help you do just that!
1. Stay Up-to-Date with the Industry News
As a realtor, it's important to stay up to date with the latest industry news. By keeping abreast of the latest developments, you can give yourself a competitive edge. For example, if there's a new regulation that affects homebuyers in your area, you'll be one of the first to know about it and can adjust your business accordingly.
Additionally, following industry news can help you identify trends. If you know that more and more people are looking for homes with certain features, you can adjust your listing portfolio to better meet their needs.
2. Specialize in a Certain Area or Type of Real Estate
Anyone who's ever bought or sold a house knows that the real estate market can be tough to navigate. With so many properties on the market and so many different types of buyers, it can be difficult to stand out from the competition.
However, one way that realtors can gain a competitive edge is by specializing in a certain area or type of real estate. By becoming an expert in a particular field, realtors can provide potential clients with valuable insights and information that they might not be able to get from another agent.
In addition, specializing can also help realtors build relationships with other professionals in their field, such as mortgage brokers, home inspectors, and remodelling contractors. As a result, agents who specialize in a particular area of real estate can have a clear advantage over those who don't.
3. Use Technology to Your Advantage
In today's real estate market, it's more important than ever to have a competitive edge. That's where technology comes in. By using tools like real estate CRM software, you can streamline your business operations and stay one step ahead of the competition.
CRM software helps you manage your customer relationships, track leads, and stay organized. It also provides valuable insights that can help you target your marketing efforts and close more deals. In other words, CRM software is a must-have tool for any realtor who wants to stay ahead of the game.
4. Have a Strong Online Presence
In today's digital age, having a strong online presence is essential for businesses of all kinds. For realtors, an effective online strategy can be the difference between closing a deal and losing out to a competitor.
In addition to generating leads, a well-designed website can help to build trust and credibility with potential clients. Social media platforms are also useful tools for realtors, allowing them to share timely updates and helpful information with their followers. By investing in an online presence, realtors can stay ahead of the competition and better serve the needs of their clients.
Conclusion
If you're looking to give yourself a competitive edge as a realtor, these four tips should help you get started. Remember, staying up-to-date with the latest industry news, specializing in a certain area of real estate, using technology to your advantage, and having a strong online presence are all key components of success.

Use the cargo bed in 2021 Toyota Tacoma to raise funds

Overview
Starting out its life as a compact pickup truck during its 1st generation of production, the Toyota Tacoma has evolved to a midsize pickup truck since its 2nd generation of production during the 2005 model year update, and it has been that way since then. The Toyota Tacoma is a fairly popular mid-size pickup truck designed and manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota but manufactured in the US itself, along with Mexico. Beginning its life in as early as 1995, the Toyota Tacoma has evolved quite significantly over the years and is currently in its third generation of production since the 2016 model year update, and the 2021 model is also a part of it. Although the Toyota Tacoma got a fair bit of updates for its 2020 model update, the 2021 Toyota Tacoma didn’t see any significant changes for the existing trim levels. That being said, two new special edition trims are introduced for the 2021 update, viz. Trail and Nightshade special editions.
The Toyota Tacoma is known for its rugged off-roading capability along with a rugged yet refined interior. Being a rugged pickup truck, it gets most of the modern creature comforts like dual-zone automatic climate control, power-adjustable seats, USB charging ports, etc. That being said, the 2021 Toyota Tacoma is available in six different trim levels to choose from, viz. SR, SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, and TRD Pro. Moreover, you can have the 2021 Tacoma either as an Extended Cab, called Access Cab with a 6.1’ bed, or a crew cab called Double Cab with a 5’ or 6.1’ bed. Depending on the trim level and spec, the 2021 Tacoma will range between $26,250 to $ $46,880, and at this price range, it competes with the likes of some of the popular pickup trucks in the market like the Chevrolet Silverado 1500, Ford F-150, GMC Sierra 1500, and other similar light-duty pickup trucks in the market. You do get the Japanese build quality and reliability with the Toyota Tacoma and the engine and transmission you get in the truck in also very capable of competing with its American rivals.

What’s new for the 2021 model year:
• Debut of two new limited-run special editions, viz. Train and Nightshade
• TRD Sport and TRD Off-Road trims get an upgraded audio system
• Dual-zone automatic climate control now standard on the V6 powered models
Pros and Cons of Toyota Tacoma:
Pros:
• Reliable build quality
• Rugged off-road capability
• Easy to use controls
• Composite truck bed has movable tie-down cleats and a power outlet
Cons:
• The interior build quality is a bit disappointing
• The 6-speed automatic gearbox might be a bit clunky sometimes
• The backseats in the crew cab variant is a bit compact compared to its competitors
How is the interior of the 2021 Toyota Tacoma:
Although the fit and finish of the interior might not be the best, the overall experience inside the cabin is actually not that bad. It has a rugged and industrial design language all across the cabin, which suits the overall profile of the truck. The infotainment system is pretty simple to use with all the ergonomically placed knobs and buttons, and the multifunctional steering wheel to add to the convenience. Interacting with the infotainment system is done by either a 7” or an 8” touchscreen display depending on the trim level.
Models 2021 Toyota Tacoma Access Cab 2021 Toyota Tacoma Double Cab
Seating Capacity 4 5
Interior Passenger Volume (ft³) NA NA
First Row(Head/Shoulder/Leg) (in) 39.7 / 58.3 / 42.9 39.7 / 58.3 / 42.9
Second Row(Head/Shoulder/Leg) (in) 34.9 / 56.5 / 24.6 38.3 / 58.9 / 32.6

The 2021 Toyota Tacoma Double Cab does have the edge when it comes to interior spaciousness, especially in the 2nd row. The 2nd row in the Access Cab is not particularly comfortable for adults. If you want proper seating for 5 people, then the Double Cab variant is the one to go for.
How does the 2021 Toyota Tacoma compare with its competitors in terms of interior spaciousness:

Models 2021 Toyota Tacoma Crew Cab (Double Cab) 2021 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Crew Cab 2021 Ford F-150 SuperCrew 2021 Ram 1500 Crew Cab
Seating Capacity 5 5/6 5/6 5/6
Interior Passenger Volume (ft³) NA NA NA NA
First Row(Head/Shoulder/Leg) (in) 39.7 / 58.3 / 42.9 43.0 / 66.0 / 44.5 40.8 / 66.7 / 43.9 40.9 / 66.0 / 40.9
Second Row(Head/Shoulder/Leg) (in) 38.3 / 58.9 / 32.6 40.1 / 65.2 / 43.4 40.4 / 66.0 / 43.6 39.8 / 65.7 / 45.2

The Double Cab or the crew cab variant might be the obvious choice between the two body types of the 2021 Toyota Tacoma if interior space is one of your priorities, but the Toyota Tacoma is one of the most underwhelming ones in the competition when it comes to interior dimensions, especially the space in the 2nd row of the truck. Be it headroom, shoulder room, or legroom, the Toyota Tacoma is the least spacious one in the segment. Hence, if interior space is one of your priorities, then it would be better to look at some of its more spacious competitors.
Cargo capacity of the 2021 Toyota Tacoma:
As mentioned earlier, the 2021 Toyota Tacoma is available in either an extended cab configuration called the Access Cab, or a crew cab configuration called the Double Cab. The Access Cab can be had only with the longer 6.1’ bed. Whereas the Double Cab can be had either with the 6.1’ bed or a shorter 5’ bed. It has a deck rail system with four adjustable tie-down cleats and four fixed cargo bed tie-down points.
Models 2021 Toyota Tacoma (6.1’ bed) 2021 Toyota Tacoma (5’ bed)
Cargo Bed Length (inches) 73.7 60.5
Cargo Bed Width at Floor (inches) 56.7 56.7
Cargo Bed Width Between Wheelhousings (inches) 41.5 41.5
Cargo Bed Height (inches) 19.1 19.1
Cargo Space/Area (cubic feet) NA NA
The bed at the back is what differentiates a pickup truck from regular cars or SUVs. The open bed makes carrying big and heavy things easier and more convenient, particularly useful for commercial purposes. People raise funds and earn a living by being a part of the logistics business and their trucks become a crucial part of that job with the help of which things are delivered from one place to another.
Safety features in the 2021 Toyota Tacoma:
Some of the active safety features of the 2021 Toyota Tacoma include:
• Vehicle Stability Control
• Traction Control
• ABS
• END
• Brake Assist
• Pre-collision system with pedestrian detection
• Lane departure alert
• Dynamic radar cruise control
• Tire Pressure Monitor System
• Blind Spot Monitor with Rear Cross-Traffic Alert
• Rear Parking Assist Sonar
Some of the passive safety features of the 2021 Toyota Tacoma include:
• Driver and front passenger advanced airbag system
• Driver and front passenger active headrests
• Driver and front passenger seat-mounted side airbags, knee airbags, and front and rear roll-sensing side curtain airbags
• LATCH

Verdict:
Although a pretty solid competitor in the light-duty pickup truck segment, the 2021 Toyota Tacoma loses the edge when it comes to the interior quality and the overall space inside as well. It is one of the least spacious, if not the least spacious in its segment, and the overall quality of the interior could have been a bit better. Other than that, it is a pretty solid competitor in its segment with rugged off-road capability and reliable engineering.